ABSTRACT
Nowadays synthetic food dyes are mostly preferred than natural plant derived dyes due to low cost and intense coloration. In this study hematological and biochemical parameters were determined in male wistar rats after 30 days treatment with synthetic red dye orange red and natural plant derived red dye alizarin. 25 male wistar rats were divided into 5 groups with 5 animals per group. Group I rats were taken as control treated with normal rat diet and distilled water. Group II and III rats (experimental) were oral gavaged with 50 mg and 150 mg/kg body weight of alizarin dye. Group IV and V rats (experimental) were gavaged with 50 mg and 150 mg/kg body weight of orange red dye. Treatment of group V rats with 150 mg/kg body weight of orange red dye produce significant changes in RBC, Hb, Hct, MCH, serum aminotransferase enzymes and serum protein fraction. In comparison to this in group IV rats a significant change was observed only in Hb, serum aminotransferase enzymes and serum protein fraction when compared with control (group I) rats. However in group II and III alizarin treated rats no significant change was observed in different biochemical and hematological parameters relative to their respective control. In conclusion synthetic orange red dye proved to be more toxic than natural plant derived red dye alizarin.
ABSTRACT
The study was carried out to determine the effect of season on the female reproductive organs of the African Giant rat using the standard methods, with the aim of obtaining the base-line values. The weights of the oviduct/uterus, vagina and the entire tubular organ were consistently higher during the harmattan season (0.789 +/- 0.07 g, 2.708 +/- 0.19 g and 3.455 +/- 0.25 g, respectively) than the hot dry (0.591 +/- 0.02 g, 2.239 +/- 0.13 g and 2.831 +/- 0.14 g, respectively) and the rainy season (0.723 +/- 0.04 g, 2.412 +/- 0.01 g and 3.148 +/- 0.12 g, respectively). The mean weight and length of the ovary were not significantly different throughout the season, suggesting that the AGR may breed throughout the year. The slight increase in the weight of the tubular organ during the harmattan (November February) and the rainy (June October) season suggests that the seasons may be favourable for breeding, probably because of the abundance of food available to the rodents in the wild during the seasons. The decrease in weights of the organs during the hot-dry season (March May) was, apparently, due to the unfavourable climatic conditions and food scarcity during the season. In conclusion, the results of the present study provide base -line morphometric data on the female reproductive organs of the AGR across the seasons.
Este estudio se llevó a cabo para determinar el efecto de las estaciones en los órganos reproductores femeninos de la rata gigante Africana mediante los métodos estándar, con el objetivo de obtener los valores basales. El peso del oviducto/útero, vagina y el órgano tubular completo fueron consistentemente más altos durante harmattan (la estación seca en Nigeria) (0,789 +/- 0,07 g, 2,708 +/- 0,19g y 3,455 +/- 0,25, respectivamente) que la estación seca-calurosa (0,591 +/- 0,02 g, 2.239 +/- 0,13g y 2.831 +/- 0,14, respectivamente) y la estación de lluvias (0,723 +/- 0,04 g, 2,412 +/- 0,01 y 3,148 +/- 0,12 g, respectivamente). La media de peso y longitud del ovario no fueron significativamente diferentes a lo largo de las estaciones, lo que sugiere que la rata gigante africana puede reproducirse durante todo el año. El ligero aumento en el peso del órgano tubular en las estaciones de harmattan (noviembre - febrero) y de lluvias (junio-octubre), sugiere que las estaciones pueden ser favorables para la reproducción, probablemente debido a la abundancia de alimentos disponibles para los roedores silvestres durante estas temporadas. La disminución en el peso de los órganos durante la estación cálida y seca (marzo - mayo) fue, al parecer, debido a las desfavorables condiciones climáticas y la escasez de alimentos durante la estación. En conclusión, los resultados de este estudio proporcionan una línea base de datos morfométricos para los órganos reproductores de la rata gigante africana hembra a través de las estaciones.
Subject(s)
Young Adult , Genitalia, Female , Reproductive Behavior , Seasons , Nigeria , Rats/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
One hundred and fortythree healthy Bengali women have received norethisterone enanthate, as injectable contraceptive in doses of 200 mg. intramuscularly at intervals of 10 to 12 weeks. The drug have been found to be almost 100 percent effective in the control of fertility. Menstrual disturbance, e.g. amenorrhoea, irregular bleeding and spotting, appeared to be the main complaints of the clients during the initial period of the therapy; but these did not persist long. There was no ill effect of the drug on lactation. No significant change in body weight, blood pressure, platelet count, fasting blood sugar, serum cholesterol and total plasma protein level was observed following administration of norethisterone enanthate over one year.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Amenorrhea/chemically induced , Blood Glucose/analysis , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Blood Proteins/analysis , Body Weight/drug effects , Cholesterol/blood , Contraceptive Agents, Female/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Injections, Intramuscular , Lactation/drug effects , Menstruation/drug effects , Norethindrone/administration & dosage , Platelet Count , PregnancyABSTRACT
Effects of Norethisterone Enanthate (an injectable contraceptive) on body weight, blood pressure, blood cell count, level of haemoglobin, fasting blood sugar and serum cholesterol were studied in 31 women. It was observed that in the successful acceptors the pregnancy rate was nil. No appreciable change could be found in the body functions studied.